YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

Ribociclib: From Phase I Dose Definition to Adjuvant Positioning — Clinical Trajectory and the Transparency Dilemma

Signals of resistance — documented years ago in FELINE and related preprints — remain underacknowledged in official narratives. The true credibility of adjuvant CDK4/6 therapy will not be secured by hazard ratios alone, but by full transparency on resistance, toxicity, and the patient experience. Only then can ribociclib’s full arc — from safe dose definition in phase I, exploratory validation in phase II, to pivotal MONALEESA survival gains and adjuvant confirmation in NATALEE — be properly understood as both achievement and unresolved dilemma

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

Adjuvant CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Early Breast Cancer: Benefit, Cost, and the Emerging Paradox of Resistant Relapses

Adjuvant use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in early breast cancer brings a paradox: modest reductions in recurrence at the cost of profound human and economic burdens. Abemaciclib prevents one relapse for every ~14 patients treated; ribociclib for every ~32. Yet the price is measured not only in millions of dollars per event avoided, but also in years of fatigue, gastrointestinal distress, liver toxicity, disrupted family life, and the silent erosion of mental health. For many survivors, the treatment does not end with the last pill—it leaves behind scars that shape work, relationships, and future prospects. Families facing this decision must balance time gained against suffering endured, with no certainty yet that overall survival is extended.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

Mutation Without Smoke: How Urban Pollution Generates Genetic Signatures More Aggressive Than Tobacco

When pollution writes the genome.

In the largest study ever conducted on lung cancer in never-smokers, fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) was shown to trigger TP53 mutations—the same lethal genetic alterations caused by tobacco. Urban air doesn’t just irritate the lungs; it structurally reshapes the genome. As TP53-targeted immunotherapies emerge, we face a paradigm shift: pollution isn’t just a public health issue—it’s a mutagenic force with trillion-dollar implications for drug development, regulation, and justice. The data is no longer observational. It’s molecular.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

What Happens to a Child During Economic Collapse? Part 3: Malnutrition, Tuberculosis, and the Future We Lose

What happens to a child during economic collapse?
They don’t go to the ICU.
They don’t file unemployment.
They disappear from the curve — quietly, biologically, structurally.

This report traces how economic breakdowns cause pediatric collapse through five interconnected pathways:

  • Chronic malnutrition

  • Neurocognitive regression

  • Tuberculosis reactivation

  • Institutional abandonment

  • Collapse of food infrastructure

We dissect how Isoniazid depletes vitamin B6, how MDR-TB bankrupts prevention, and how school kitchens can be repurposed as survival architecture — if properly shielded from contamination and bureaucracy.

This is not a humanitarian essay.
It is a structural field manual —
for when the collapse is no longer hypothetical.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

What Happens to Health During an Economic Collapse?

In Part 2 of our series on structural health vulnerability, we dive into the silent erosion of respiratory stability during economic downturns.
High male smoking rates, rising female tobacco use, poor disease understanding, and unaffordable controller therapies converge into a pulmonary time bomb — especially in winter.

We show why asthma and COPD aren’t just clinical issues — they’re system indicators.
When they spike, it's already too late.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

High-Precision Therapies vs. Collective Impact: The Case of Hemgenix and National Productivity

💡 What if curing disease isn't enough?

In 2025, the UK publicly funded Hemgenix — a $3.3M gene therapy for hemophilia B — offering life-changing benefits to a few dozen adults. But beneath the clinical triumph lies a structural question:

👉 Is this how we maximize collective return on public health investment?

This article explores the economic and ethical calculus behind breakthrough therapies, contrasting late-stage interventions with early, high-ROI strategies that preserve national productivity from childhood onward.

📊 From GDP modeling to risk-adjusted costs of lifelong transfusions, we analyze why innovation should align not just with individual outcomes, but with societal impact.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

CTD Module 4: The Cheapest Place to Prevent a $200M Loss

When companies talk about clinical development, most of the attention goes to the trial phases: Phase I safety, Phase II signals, Phase III failure or success.
But before all of that, there is a module—silent, technical, often overlooked—whose quality determines whether those millions should even be invested.

That module is CTD Module 4: Nonclinical Studies.

And its real value is not academic. It’s financial.

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YoonHwa An YoonHwa An

The CTD as a Mirror: Operational Truths Behind Regulatory Success or Failure

When people talk about regulatory submissions and global expansion, they usually think of clinical efficacy, GCP compliance, or statistical robustness. But in practice, the real problems rarely occur where expected. Many product rejections are not caused by scientific failure, but by internal frictions within the companies themselves: delayed decisions, operational resistance, or misaligned documentation.

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